Menoufia University, Faculty of AgricultureMenoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology2357-07683120181001GENETIC IMPROVEMENT ASSESSMENT OF MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL AND YIELD CHARACTERS IN M3 MUTANTS OF BREAD WHEAT294517568510.21608/mjab.2018.175685ENH.A. AwaadAgronomy Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, EgyptZ.M.A. AttiaPlant Res. Dept., Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority Inchas, EgyptK. S. Abdel-lateifDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Egypt.M.A. GomaaAgronomy Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, EgyptGhada M. Sh. M. AbazaPlant Res. Dept., Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority Inchas, EgyptJournal Article20210606<strong><em>The present investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Inchas, Egypt. The aim of this study was to induce genetic variability </em></strong><strong><em>in Sids 12, </em></strong><strong><em>Sakha 94 </em></strong><strong><em>and Gemmeiza 9 wheat cultivars using </em></strong><strong><em>Gamma ray, LASER beams</em></strong><strong><em> and </em></strong><strong><em>Ethyl Methan Sulphonate.</em></strong><strong><em> Field studies were conducted on M1, M2 and M3 generations</em></strong><strong><em>.</em></strong><strong><em>Bulked M3 mutants were evaluated during growing 2013/2014 season for</em></strong><strong><em> performance and genetic variability of morpho-physiological and yield characters</em></strong><strong><em>.</em></strong><strong><em> The most promising</em></strong><strong><em> M3</em></strong><strong><em> mutants </em></strong><strong><em>derived from mother cultivar Sids 12 </em></strong><strong><em>were Sd-12 0.3EMS and Sd-12 0.4EMS for high grain yield, </em></strong><strong><em>no. of spikes/plant</em></strong><strong><em>, flag leaf chlorophyll content, flag leaf area and spike length with moderate plant height. Whereas, the most promising populations derived from </em></strong><strong><em>mother cultivar</em></strong><strong><em> Sakha 94 were Sk-94 350 Gy, Sk-94 400 Gy and Sk-94 2hr LASER for grain yield and its components, flag leaf chlorophyll content, spike length. Furthermore, those obtained from Gemmieza 9 were Gm-9 0.3EMS for grain yield and its components, flag leaf area, flag leaf chlorophyll content, plant height and spike length. </em></strong><strong><em>Maximum estimates of phenotypic (PCV), genotypic (GCV) and environmental (ECV) coefficients of variability were detected for No. of spikes/ plant followed by grain yield/plant and then No. of grains/spike</em></strong><strong><em> in both </em></strong><strong><em>Sids 12 and Sakha 94 as well as </em></strong><strong><em>No. of grains/spike</em></strong><strong><em>followed by grain yield/plant and flag leaf area.</em></strong>
<strong><em>Heritability estimates in the broad sense in M3 generation varied from moderate to high for grain yield/plant and its contributing characters. The </em></strong><strong><em>genetic advance was high for No. of grains/ spike and ranged from low to moderate for the remaining yield contributing characters in the three mutant cultivars. The cluster analysis based on the mean performance of grain yield/plant grouped wheat genotypes into three main clusters at 95% similarity. Interestingly, the derived mutants were clustered in separate groups than their mother cultivars (</em></strong><strong><em>Sids 12, </em></strong><strong><em>Sakha 94 </em></strong><strong><em>and Gemmeiza 9). These results confirm the efficiency of the mutagens to induce genetic variations.</em></strong>Menoufia University, Faculty of AgricultureMenoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology2357-07683120181001MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY AND RESPONSE OF EGYPTIAN FABA BEAN TO HEAT AND DROUGHT STRESSES11817568910.21608/mjab.2018.175689ENM. A. BelalPlant Biotech. Dept., GEBRI, USC, Egypt,Samah M. M. EldemeryMol. Biol. Dept., GEBRI, USC, Egypt,Y. A. KhidrPlant Biotech. Dept., GEBRI, USC, Egypt,K. F. AbdellatifPlant Biotech. Dept., GEBRI, USC, Egypt,Journal Article20210606<strong><em>Four Egyptian faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties (</em></strong><strong><em>"Giza843", "Giza716", </em></strong><strong><em>“Misr1” and “Sakha1”)</em></strong><strong><em> have been evaluated under heat and drought stresses using seventeen morphological traits and total protein content. Analysis of variance of the morphological trait revealed highly significant differences among treatments and genotypes for all studied traits and the interaction between genotypes and treatment was also significant. Both varieties "Giza716" and "Giza843" gave the highest means for most of the morphological traits. The control treatment surpass all the other treatments in the most of the morphological traits. The lowest significant means were obtained from the heat with drought treatment while the effect of heat on the morphological traits was less than the effect of drought stress. </em></strong><strong><em>According to the cluster analysis of both morphological and biochemical data, the varieties </em></strong><strong><em>"Giza716" and "Giza843" were clustered together on one group where the varieties </em></strong><strong><em>“Misr1” and “Sakha1” were clustered in another group. A protein band of molecular weight of about 76 kDa was noticed in the protein pattern of the variety </em></strong><strong><em>"Giza716" (heat with drought treatment) and of about 100 kDa </em></strong><strong><em>was obtained in the protein pattern of the variety </em></strong><strong><em>"Giza843" (heat with drought treatment). The morphological and biochemical parameters along with susceptibility test revealed that "Giza716" and "Giza843" appeared to be tolerant for drought and heat. However </em></strong><strong><em>“Misr1” and “Sakha1” varieties appeared to be susceptible.</em></strong>Menoufia University, Faculty of AgricultureMenoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology2357-07683120181001EFFECTS OF SOME EDIBLE OILS ON BLOOD COMPOSITION IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS192817569010.21608/mjab.2018.175690ENM. A. HabiebBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menofia University,
Shibin El-Kom, EgyptHoda A. FaridBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menofia University,
Shibin El-Kom, EgyptS. M. El-SayedBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menofia University,
Shibin El-Kom, EgyptFatma K. IbrahimBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menofia University,
Shibin El-Kom, EgyptJournal Article20210606<em>The present work aims to study the potential effect of edible oils like olive, sunflower and flaxseed oils to give more protection against harmful effect of frying oil used in preparation of Tamiya (Falafel). Chemical and physical properties of oils were determined , also fatty acids composition of oils were identified . To study the harmful effect of oils used in preparation of falafel , twenty five of male albino rats were used over 45 days period. The animals were divided into (5) groups, wherein groups number (1) represent control which were fed on basal diet, while group number (2) was received 15% frying oil . Other three groups allowed to feed on high 15% frying oil with olive oil (5%) group number (3) , sunflower oil (5%) group numer (4) and flaxseed oil (5%) group number (5). At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected to determine lipid profile include triglyceride , total cholesterol , HDL- cholesterol and LDL -cholesterol. The kidney functions include urea nitrogen and creatinine. From the obtained results , it concluded that group of rats fed on 15% frying oil were considered as a major risk factor for hyperlipidemia disease. The obtained results could be summarized that edible oils like olive oil , sunflower oil and flaxseed oil were considered the best for causing a reduction of TC, TG and LDL . Also, kidney function has been improved and there were a significant reduction urea than that of positive control group < /em>Menoufia University, Faculty of AgricultureMenoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology2357-07683120181001BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF SOME EDIBLE OILS ON BLOOD COMPOSITION IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS515217569110.21608/mjab.2018.175691ENM. A. HabiebProf. of Biochemistry, Fac. of Agric., Menoufia Univ.Huda E. AhmedProf. of Biochemistry, Fac. of Agric., Menoufia Univ.S. M. Abd-ElgwaadAssociate prof. of Biochemistry, Fac. of Agric., Menoufia Univ.Journal Article20210606<strong><em>Frying oils (Edible oils) are vegetable oils are extensively used for frying foods in Egypt and many other countries. During the frying process degraded products of oil are generated which have harmful effects on human organs and blood composition.</em></strong>
<strong><em>In the present study physical and chemical properties of TBO, Olive oil, Sunflower oil and Linseed oils are determined.</em></strong>
<strong><em>Five groups of experimental animals are fed on basal supplements, TBO15%, TBO15%+ Olive oil 5%, TBO15%+ Sunflower 5% and TBO15% + Linseed oil15 %.</em></strong>
<strong><em>Triglycerides and total cholesterol, liver enzymes, HDL, LDL, creatinine, albumin and sugar are determined in the blood of these groups of animals.</em></strong>
<strong><em>The obtained results indicate harmful effects on the vital organs of the experimental rats.</em></strong>Menoufia University, Faculty of AgricultureMenoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology2357-07683120181001BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ALGAE474817569410.21608/mjab.2018.175694ENY. A. M. AshoushProf. of Biochmistry, Fac. of Agric., Menoufia Univ.Hoda E. A. FaridProf. of Biochmistry, Fac. of Agric., Menoufia Univ.S. M. El SaidAssociate Prof. of Biochmistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Monufia UniversityJournal Article20210606<strong><em>This study was designed to investigate the chemical composition of red algae Gelidium sp. collected from Mediterranean sea as new source of bioactive substance. The biochemical components for this algae were isolated and characterized which includes amino acids and fatty acids . Protein was extracted and characterized. The functional properties which includes foaming capacity and foam volume stability, emulsifying properties , water binding capacity and oil binding capacity . Polysaccharides from this algae was extracted and characterized which includes sulfate content, mono saccharides composition , antioxidant activity which includes, the free – radical scavenging capacity using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl ( DPPH ) and the scavenging activity against the hydroxyl radical. Further studies were conducted to biological effects of gelidium algae on rates. </em></strong>
<strong><em>The proximate chemical composition of Gelidium sp. were protein content (13.23 ± 1.06% DW) , crude lipid (1.16 ± 0.21% DW), fiber content (5.5 ± 1.05% DW) , ash content (26.45 ± 0.74%) , and carbohydrate content (53.66 ± 1.21% DW). </em></strong>Menoufia University, Faculty of AgricultureMenoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology2357-07683120181001ENHANCED PRODUCTION OF TRICHODERMA CELLULASES THROUGH RECONSTRUCTION OF CELLULASE GENES495017569610.21608/mjab.2018.175696ENKh. A. El-HalafawyProf. of Genetics, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City.Ragaa A. Eissaprof. of Genetics, Fac. of Agric., Menoufia Univ.H. A. HamzaProf. of Genetics, Res. Institute, Univ. of Sadat City.A. I. Fahmiprof. of Genetics, Fac. of Agric., Menoufia Univ.Journal Article20210606<strong><em>Trichoderma fungi produce economically important cellulases that comprise three key enzymes; endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and β-glucosidases. In this study, a total of 28 isolates from Nile Delta were analyzed. The objectives were: 1) species identification of isolates, 2) evaluation of strains' cellulases production in submerged (SmF) and solid state (SSF) fermentation systems, 3) improve strains' cellulases production by mutagenesis and 4) enhance production of strains' cellulases through protoplast fusion and genome shuffling. On the basis of morphological characterization and molecular identification by DNA sequences analysis of ITS region, isolates were identified to species level as strains. 11 strains were chosen because of their unique properties in cellulase screening tests and they were investigated for the production of cellulases in SmF and rice straw SSF cultures. According to detailed examinations of culture filtrates, four promising strains were selected and subjected to genetic improvement through mutagenesis. Nine produced mutants showed better cellulases production than their parents. Moreover, the protoplast fusion of the nine mutants produced stable fusants that showed a marked increase in cellulase production over their mutant parents and original wild-type parents. Finally, genome shuffling of Trichoderma cells produced strains were higher than their original wild-type parents in cellulase production. </em></strong>